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Particle Physics: Particle Classification

Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa proposed in 1935 that the nuclear force is mediated by a new particle, a meson, whose exchange between nucleons causes the force. He predicted its mass to be about 200 times that of an electron, earning him a Nobel Prize in 1949. Because the new particle would have a mass between that of the electron and that of the proton, it was called a meson (from the Greek meso, “middle”)

Particle Physics Introduction

PG-III Lecture Topics

LASER Rate Equation

Interaction Process

Rate Equations for a Three-Level Laser System

Stark Effect in Hydrogen Atom

In the hydrogen atom, the energy levels are determined by the principal quantum number $n$, and for a given $n$, the energy is given by:

Approximation Method

Perturbation theory is a powerful tool in quantum mechanics used to study systems where the Hamiltonian can be separated into a known part $H_0$ and a small perturbation $H'$. The goal is to find approximate solutions to the Schrödinger equation for the full Hamiltonian $H = H_0 + H'$ by treating the perturbation as a small correction to the known system.