Notes

B.Sc Notes

Sem-I Lecture notes

Relativistic Doppler Effect Relativistic Mass, Mass–Energy Equivalence, and Massless Particles Simultaneity, Event Order, and Relativistic Velocity Addition Length Contraction and Time Dilation Lorentz Transformations from the Light Postulate Frames, the Michelson–Morley Experiment, and Einstein's Postulates Forced Oscillations, Resonance, and Quality Factor LC Circuit and Damped Oscillations Simple, Compound, and Torsional Pendulums Simple Harmonic Motion and Energy Circular Satellites and Applications Kepler's Laws and Their Derivation Central-Force Motion and Angular Momentum Ripples and Gravity Waves Surface Tension, Contact Angle and Virtual Work Compressible Capillary Flow and Rankine's Method Viscosity and Poiseuille Flow Elasticity and Elastic Constants

Sem-II Lecture notes

Contour Integration for Definite Integrals Taylor and Laurent Expansions, Residues, and the Residue Theorem Complex Integration and the Cauchy-Goursat Results Singularities, Branch Points, and Branch Cuts Functions of a Complex Variable, Analyticity, and Cauchy-Riemann Equations Complex Numbers, Euler's Formula, De Moivre's Theorem, and Roots One-Dimensional Heat-Flow Equation Vibrational Modes of a Circular Membrane Vibrational Modes of a Stretched String and Rectangular Membrane Laplace Equation in Rectangular Geometry Cauchy-Euler and Simultaneous Differential Equations Homogeneous Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients Exact and Inexact Differential Equations and Integrating Factors First-Order Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Differential Equations Vector Operators in Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates Gauss, Green, and Stokes Theorems Divergence, Curl, and Vector Integrals Scalar and Vector Fields, Directional Derivatives, and the Gradient

Sem-III Lecture notes

Production and Detection of Polarized Light and Optical Activity Retardation Plates, the Babinet Compensator, and Polarization States Polarization by Reflection and Double Refraction AC Circuits, Bridges, and the Transformer Electromagnetic Induction and Magnetic Measurement Fraunhofer Diffraction and Resolving Power Fresnel Diffraction and the Zone Plate Michelson and Fabry-Perot Interferometers Interference, Thin Films, and Newton's Rings Magnetic Properties of Matter Electric Fields in Dielectrics Wavefronts, Coherence, Fermat's Principle, and Cardinal Points Standing Waves, Phase and Group Velocities, and Energy Transfer Progressive Waves and Superposition Conductors, Capacitance, and the Method of Images Electric Dipole and Quadrupole Fields Electric Flux, Gauss's Law, and Electrostatic Field Equations

Sem-IV Lecture notes

MOS Capacitors and MOSFET Characteristics FETs and JFET Characteristics BJT DC Load Line and Q-Point BJT Configurations, Characteristics, and Current Gains BJT Operation, Current Flow, and Regions Brownian Motion and Periodic Heat Flow Molecular Collisions and Transport Phenomena T-dS Equations, Heat Capacities, and Joule-Kelvin Effect Phase Transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron, and Ehrenfest Equations Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell Relations Chandrasekhar, Black Holes, and the Singh Relativity Claim Homi Bhabha, Vikram Sarabhai, and Meghnad Saha C. V. Raman and S. N. Bose Āryabhaṭa, Bhāskarācārya, and Kaṇāda LED, Photodiode, Solar Cell, and Semiconductor Laser Zener Breakdown and Voltage Regulation Rectifier Output, Regulation, Ripple, Efficiency, and Filters Diode Load Line and Rectifier Circuits Junction Bias, Current, Resistance, and Capacitance p-n Junction Formation, Depletion Region, and Barrier Mixing Entropy, the Universe, T-S Diagrams, and the Third Law Entropy, Clausius Theorem, and Clausius Inequality Heat Engines, Carnot Cycle, and Refrigerators Isothermal, Adiabatic, Reversible, and Irreversible Processes Thermodynamic Foundations and Response Functions Consciousness, Time, Cyclic Universe, and Mind-Matter IKS Correspondences with Quantum Physics and Cosmology Energy Bands and Density of States Fermi-Dirac Distribution and Carrier Equilibrium Doping, Carrier Concentration, and Mobility Semiconductor Materials, Carriers, and Band Gaps Real Gases, Virial Equation, and Critical Constants Maxwell Distribution, Equipartition, and Specific Heats Indian Mathematics, the Light-Speed Claim, and Vedic Acoustics Siddhāntic Astronomy and Planetary Models Gurutva, Motion, Rasavāda, and Newtonian Comparison Nyāya Inference, Motion, and Physical Causation Vaiśeṣika Atomism and Categories of Reality

Sem-V Lecture notes

Three-Dimensional Free Particle, Box, Rigid Rotator, and Hydrogen Ground State Linear Harmonic Oscillator in One and Three Dimensions Boundary Conditions, Rigid-Wall Box, and Square Wells Canonical Transformations, Poisson Brackets, and Lagrange Brackets Variational Principles, Constraints, and Least Action Python Functions, Parameters, Scope, and Recursion One- and Two-Dimensional Arrays in Python Python Conditionals, Loops, and Iteration Python Types, Arithmetic, Precision, and Input-Output Algorithms, Flowcharts, and Program Structure Optical Rotation: Biot's Laws and Fresnel's Theory Retardation Plates, Babinet Compensator, and Polarization Analysis Anisotropic Crystals, Double Refraction, and the Nicol Prism Linear, Circular, and Elliptical Polarization Free Gaussian Wave Packet and Momentum Space Energy-Eigenfunction Expansion and Time Evolution Schrödinger Equations and Stationary States Hamiltonian Dynamics and Mechanical Examples Lagrangian Dynamics and Applications Least-Squares Linear and Polynomial Regression Euler and Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Methods Trapezoidal, Simpson, and Gaussian Quadrature Numerical Differentiation with Finite Differences Optical Fibres: Numerical Aperture, Index Profiles, and Modes Planar Dielectric Waveguides and Guided-Wave Power Reflection and Refraction at a Dielectric Interface Electromagnetic Waves in Conductors: Relaxation and Skin Depth Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum and Dielectrics Quantum Postulates, Wavefunctions, and Operators Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and Its Consequences Matter Waves, Phase and Group Velocities, and Electron Diffraction Why Quantum Mechanics: Radiation Quanta Coordinate Systems, Virtual Work, and D'Alembert's Principle Newtonian Mechanics and Charged Particles in Uniform Fields Power and Jacobi Eigenvalue Methods Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel Iteration Gaussian Elimination and LU Decomposition Newton Forward and Backward Interpolation Bisection, Newton, Fixed-Point Iteration, and Convergence Errors, Significant Digits, and Approximation Electromagnetic Boundaries, Dielectric Waves, and Energy Flow Maxwell Equations, Displacement Current, and Potentials

Sem-VI Lecture notes

Superconductivity Magnetic Properties of Solids Dielectric and Optical Properties Thermal Properties of Solids Registers, Memory Devices, and Microprocessors Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Laser Physics Energy Bands and the Kronig-Penney Model Free-Electron Theory of Metals Combinational and Sequential Circuits Quantum Theory of Radiation Molecular Spectra and Radioactivity Lattice Dynamics and Specific Heat Crystal Structure and X-ray Diffraction Number Systems and Boolean Algebra Classical Statistics Atomic Spectra

Sem-VII Lecture notes

Quantum Scattering Theory Quantum Perturbation Theory and Transitions Frobenius Method and Special Functions Plasma Physics and Hydromagnetic Waves Angular Momentum, Spin and Symmetry Laplace Transforms and Applications Fourier Transforms, Delta Functions and Convolution Relativistic Electrodynamics Linear Spaces, Dirac Notation and Quantum Operators Fourier Series and Periodic Waveforms Radiation from Accelerated Charges and Antennas Retarded Potentials and Liénard-Wiechert Fields

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M.Sc Notes

Sem-I Lecture notes

Hydrogen Atom Motion in a Centrally Symmetric Field Angular Momentum and Rotations Addition of Angular Momentum and Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients Pauli Spin Matrices and Spin Eigenvectors Angular Momentum Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Angular Momentum Operators Small Oscillations and Normal Modes Conservation Theorems and Infinitesimal Generators Poisson Theorems and Angular Momentum Poisson Brackets Canonical Transformations and Generating Functions Hamilton-Jacobi Equation and Harmonic Oscillator Legendre Transform in Mechanics Least Action and Hamilton Equations Hamilton Principle and Calculus of Variations D'Alembert Principle and Lagrange Equations Classical Mechanics Syllabus Map Control Flow: Conditionals and Loops Functions in Python Operators and Expressions Integer and Floating Point Arithmetic Data Structures: Arrays and Strings Introduction to Python Computational Techniques Syllabus Map Finite Difference Method Runge-Kutta Method for First-Order Differential Equations Numerical Integration: Trapezoid and Simpson Rules Curve Fitting and Least Squares Interpolation and Extrapolation Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Matrices Gauss Elimination Method Iteration Method Roots of Functions Numerical Methods Syllabus Map

Sem-II Lecture notes

Born Approximation Partial-Wave Analysis and Phase Shifts Scattering by Spherically Symmetric Potentials Scattering Amplitude and Cross Sections Alpha-Particle and Rutherford Scattering Laboratory and Centre-of-Mass Frames Collisions in Three Dimensions Free Dirac Particle and Negative-Energy States Dirac Current, Electron Spin, and Magnetic Moment Dirac Equation Klein–Gordon Equation Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Electron Spin Resonance X-Rays: Principles, Emission and Absorption Raman Spectra of Diatomic Molecules Infrared Spectra of Diatomic Molecules Franck–Condon Principle Vibrational Analysis of Molecular Band Systems Electronic Spectra of Diatomic Molecules Vibrational and Rovibrational Spectra of Diatomic Molecules Rotational Spectra of Diatomic Molecules LASER Rate Equation Stark Effect in Hydrogen Atom Approximation Method LASER

Sem-III Lecture notes

Basic Electronics: Basic and Universal Logic Gates Basic Electronics: Boolean Algebra and Number Systems Basic Electronics: BJT and FET Basic Electronics: Zener Diode and LED Basic Electronics: p-n Junction Diode Basic Electronics: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors Resonance Scattering Compound-Nucleus Reactions Nuclear Reactions Particle Physics-II Particle Physics-I The Concept of Isospin Particle Physics: Quarks Particle Physics: Conservation Laws Particle Physics: Particle Classification

Sem-IV Lecture notes

Polarons and Electron–Phonon Interaction in Ionic Crystals Phonon Polaritons: Coupled Electromagnetic and Optical Modes Long-Wavelength Optical Modes in Ionic Crystals Experimental Excitation and Observation of Plasmons Plasma Oscillations and Plasmons Ferroelectricity: Dipole Theory, Classification, Properties and Applications Permanent Dipoles and Orientational Polarization Dynamic Dielectric Response and Alternating Fields Lorentz Local Field and the Clausius–Mossotti Equation Electronic and Ionic Polarizability Macroscopic Dielectric Response in Solids Dispersion and Absorption in Solids Optical Constants and Electromagnetic Propagation in Solids Drude Model of Solids Neutron Scattering by Phonons Phonon Density of States and Van Hove Singularities Three-Dimensional Lattice Dynamics Quantization of Elastic Waves and Phonons Diatomic Linear Chain: Acoustic and Optical Modes Brillouin Zones, Phase Velocity, and Group Velocity Harmonic Lattice Dynamics and the Monatomic Linear Chain Op-Amp Square-Wave and Triangular-Wave Generators Op-Amp Bistable, Astable and Monostable Multivibrators Op-Amp Comparators and Schmitt Trigger Wien-Bridge Oscillator and Amplitude Stabilization Three-Section RC Phase-Shift Oscillator Oscillator Principles, Loop Gain and Stability Operational-Amplifier Integrators and Differentiators Operational-Amplifier Summing and Difference Amplifiers Operational-Amplifier Input Offset and Bias Currents Inverting and Non-Inverting Operational-Amplifier Circuits Operational Amplifier Negative Feedback, Finite Gain and Stability Operational-Amplifier Architecture and Open-Loop Operation Constant-Current Sources, Active Loads and Bias-Level Translation AC Differential Analysis, Balanced Output and CMRR Differential Amplifier: Circuit Configuration and DC Analysis 8085 Array Programming: Block Transfer, Search, Sort and Tables 8085 Arithmetic Programming: Multibyte, BCD and Delay Loops 8085 Machine and Assembly Language Programming 8085 Interrupt System: Hardware Requests, Vectors, SIM and RIM 8085 Subroutines: CALL, RET, RST and Program Linkage 8085 Stack Organization and Stack Operations 8085 Branch, I/O and Machine-Control Instructions 8085 Arithmetic and Logical Instructions with Flags 8085 Data-Transfer Instruction Set 8085 Bus Timing Diagrams 8085 Fetch-Decode-Execute Sequence and Machine Cycles 8085 Instruction Word Size and Addressing Modes 8085 Opcodes, Operands, Mnemonics and Machine Code 8085 Pinout, Buses, Control and Internal Operation Intel 8085 Architecture, Registers, and Condition Flags Microprocessors, Microcontrollers, and Microcomputers

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Practical

UG-I Practical

Modulus of Rigidity by Maxwell's Needle Acceleration Due to Gravity by Kater's Pendulum Young's Modulus by Searle's Method Truncation, Round-Off, Absolute and Relative Errors Measurements Using Vernier Calipers, Screw Gauge and Travelling Microscope Bar Pendulum: Determination of g

UG-II Practical

Magnetic Field Along the Axis of a Solenoid Self Inductance of a Coil by Anderson's Bridge Comparison of Capacitances by De Sauty's Bridge Low Resistance by Carey Foster's Bridge Low Resistance by Potentiometer Characteristics of a Series RC Circuit Use of Multimeter for Basic Electrical Measurements Modulus of Rigidity by Maxwell's Needle Response Curve of a Parallel LCR Circuit Acceleration Due to Gravity by Kater's Pendulum Response Curve of a Series LCR Circuit Young's Modulus by Searle's Method Truncation, Round-Off, Absolute and Relative Errors Measurements Using Vernier Calipers, Screw Gauge and Travelling Microscope Bar Pendulum: Determination of g

UG-III Practical

Dispersive Power and Resolving Power of a Plane Grating Diffraction by Double Slits and Wavelength Determination Spectral Lines of Mercury Vapour by Diffraction Grating Wavelength of Sodium Light by Fresnel Biprism Wavelengths by a Plane Diffraction Grating Thickness of Thin Paper by Wedge-Shaped Film Radius of Curvature of a Plano-Convex Lens by Newton's Rings Wavelength of Sodium Light by Newton's Rings Wavelength of Sodium Light by Michelson Interferometer Dispersive Power and Cauchy Constants of a Prism Refractive Index of a Prism by Minimum Deviation

UG-IV Practical

Verification of Thevenin, Norton, Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems Frequency Response of an RC-Coupled Transistor Amplifier Characteristics of a BJT in Common-Emitter Configuration V-I Characteristics of a Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation V-I Characteristics of a PN Junction Diode Verification of Logic Gates Using NAND Gates Transistor as a Switch and NOT Gate Testing Diodes and Transistors Using a Multimeter Measurement of Voltage and Time Period of a Periodic Waveform Using CRO

UG-V Practical

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of a Wire Ratio of Specific Heats by Clement and Desormes' Method Calibration of a Thermocouple and Unknown Temperature Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice with Radiation Correction Specific Heat of a Solid with Radiation Correction Specific Heat of a Liquid by the Method of Cooling Thermo-Emf of a Thermocouple for a Temperature Difference Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Platinum Resistance Thermometer Thermal Conductivity of a Bad Conductor by Lee and Charlton's Method Thermal Conductivity of Copper by Searle's Apparatus

UG-VI Practical

Monte Carlo Simulation of a Two-Dimensional Ising Model Tunnelling Effect in a Tunnel Diode B-H Curve and Hysteresis Energy Loss of Iron Hall Coefficient of a Semiconductor Sample Dielectric Constant of a Material as a Function of Frequency Coupling Coefficient of a Piezoelectric Crystal Magnetic Susceptibility of Solid Samples Magnetic Susceptibility of a Paramagnetic Solution by Quincke's Method Energy Gap of a Semiconductor Using a PN Junction

UG-VII Practical

Half-Life of a Radioactive Source Using a Geiger-Muller Counter Magnetic Field of a Solenoid Using a Hall Probe Determination of g by a Simple Pendulum

UG-VIII Practical

Refractive Index of a Dielectric Layer by Surface Plasmon Resonance Numerical Aperture of a Step-Index Optical Fibre Half Adder Using XOR and NAND Gates Zeeman Effect in Mercury Using a Fabry-Perot Interferometer

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PG-I Practical

Resolving Power of a Prism Measurement of Microwave Wavelength by Standing-Wave Method I-V Characteristics and Efficiency of a Solar Cell Determination of Object Dimensions from a Holographic Diffraction Pattern Resolving Power of an Astronomical Telescope Wavelength of Sodium Light by Fabry-Perot Interferometer Verification of Brewster's Law Using a Spectrometer Thickness of a Thin Wire by Laser Diffraction Wavelength of Laser Light by Plane Diffraction Grating Wavelength of Sodium Light by Michelson Interferometer

PG-II Practical

Study of Analogue-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analogue Converters Verification of Half Adder and Full Adder Circuits Drain and Transfer Characteristics of a JFET V-I Characteristics and Holding Current of an SCR Hartley Oscillator and Determination of Oscillation Frequency Op-Amp Differentiator and Integrator Verification of Basic Logic Gates Using NAND and NOR Gates Single-Stage RC-Coupled Transistor Amplifier in CE Mode Characteristics of a Unijunction Transistor and Relaxation Oscillator Drain and Transfer Characteristics of an Enhancement MOSFET Zener Diode Characteristics and Voltage Stabilisation

PG-III Practical

Determination of Magnetic Field Strength and Resonance Frequency Using ESR Normal Modes and Dispersion in a Coupled-Oscillator Lattice Model Astable Multivibrator: Free-Running Oscillator and Frequency Measurement B-H Loop and Hysteresis Loss of a Ferromagnetic Core Determination of Modulation Index of an AM Wave Using CRO Dielectric Constant of Solid and Liquid Samples by Capacitance Method Determination of Planck's Constant Using LEDs Hall Coefficient, Carrier Type, and Hall Angle of a Semiconductor Four-Probe Measurement of Semiconductor Band Gap Characteristics of a Geiger-Muller Counter and Determination of Its Operating Voltage

PG-IV Practical

Electron Spin Resonance and Determination of the g-Factor Determination of e/m by the Helical Method Determination of the Elementary Charge by Millikan's Oil-Drop Experiment Dispersion Relation and Cut-off Frequency of Monoatomic and Diatomic Lattices Using an LC Ladder Network Dielectric Constant of Solids and Liquids by Capacitance Method Determination of Planck's Constant Using LEDs Four-Probe Resistance of a Semiconductor and Determination of Band Gap B-H Loop and Hysteresis Loss of a Ferromagnetic Core Hall Effect: Carrier Type, Hall Coefficient, and Carrier Concentration Mode Characteristics and Electronic Tuning of a Reflex Klystron Verification of Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems Op-Amp Square and Triangular Waveform Generator with Sample-and-Hold Storage Amplifier Measurement of Optical-Fibre Patch-Cord Loss in dB Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication Using the 8085 Microprocessor BCD-to-Seven-Segment Display Using IC 7447 Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation SR Bistable Multivibrator: Set, Reset, and Memory States IC 555 Monostable Multivibrator: Pulse-Width Measurement Characteristics of an 8-Bit ADC and R-2R Ladder DAC

Dissertation

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